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| IJCEM Copyright © 2008-All rights reserved. Published by e-Century Publishing Corporation, Madison, WI 53711 |
Int J Clin Exp Med 2013;6(6):413-422
Review Article
Appropriate and accurate diagnosis of thyroid nodules: a review of thyroid
fine-needle aspiration
Catherine Hambleton, Emad Kandil
Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
Received April 23, 2013; Accepted May 21, 2013; Epub June 26, 2013; Published July 1, 2013
Abstract: Thyroid nodules are clinically palpable in 4-7% of adults in the United States. With ultrasound examination, thyroid nodules
are identified in up to 70% of adults. In asymptomatic individuals, the potential for malignancy underlies the clinical importance of
investigating thyroid nodules. Increased diagnostic accuracy has improved non-operative management of benign thyroid lesions.
Appropriate management of thyroid microcarcinoma and large nodules remains a topic of debate. False-negative FNA cytology
remains a concern for clinicians treating patients with thyroid nodules. Due to the challenge of interpreting FNA cytology and recent
changes to the cytopathologic classification system, we reviewed the current literature on diagnosis of thyroid nodules using the recent
Bethesda criteria. (IJCEM1304016).
Keywords: Thyroid nodule, thyroid cancer, fine-needle aspiration, Bethesda criteria
Address correspondence to: Dr. Emad Kandil, Edward G. Schlieder Chair of Surgical Oncology, Endocrine Surgery Section,
Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, Room 8510 (Box SL-22), New Orleans, LA 70112,
USA. Phone: 504-988-7520; Fax: 504-988-4762; E-mail: ekandil@tulane.edu
Review Article
Appropriate and accurate diagnosis of thyroid nodules: a review of thyroid
fine-needle aspiration
Catherine Hambleton, Emad Kandil
Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
Received April 23, 2013; Accepted May 21, 2013; Epub June 26, 2013; Published July 1, 2013
Abstract: Thyroid nodules are clinically palpable in 4-7% of adults in the United States. With ultrasound examination, thyroid nodules
are identified in up to 70% of adults. In asymptomatic individuals, the potential for malignancy underlies the clinical importance of
investigating thyroid nodules. Increased diagnostic accuracy has improved non-operative management of benign thyroid lesions.
Appropriate management of thyroid microcarcinoma and large nodules remains a topic of debate. False-negative FNA cytology
remains a concern for clinicians treating patients with thyroid nodules. Due to the challenge of interpreting FNA cytology and recent
changes to the cytopathologic classification system, we reviewed the current literature on diagnosis of thyroid nodules using the recent
Bethesda criteria. (IJCEM1304016).
Keywords: Thyroid nodule, thyroid cancer, fine-needle aspiration, Bethesda criteria
Address correspondence to: Dr. Emad Kandil, Edward G. Schlieder Chair of Surgical Oncology, Endocrine Surgery Section,
Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, Room 8510 (Box SL-22), New Orleans, LA 70112,
USA. Phone: 504-988-7520; Fax: 504-988-4762; E-mail: ekandil@tulane.edu
