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Int J Clin Exp Med 2013;6(6): 461-469
Original Article
The power combination of blood-pressure parameters to predict the incidence of
plaque formation in carotid arteries in elderly
Chang-Ning Hao, Yi-Qin Shi, Jing-Juan Huang, Hao-Yun Li, Zhen-Hao Huang, Xian-Wu Cheng, Wei Lu, Jun-Li Duan
Department of gerontology, Xinhua hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai 200092, China; Cardiology
and nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; National Lab
for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yu-Tian Road 200, Shanghai 200083,
China. Equal contributors.
Received May 14, 2013; Accepted May 29, 2013; Epub June 26, 2013; Published July 1, 2013
Abstract: Hypertension is considered as one of the major risk factors of atherosclerosis, especially for carotid artery plaque, which is a
sign for cardiovascular incapacity and cerebral infarction. As adult age, systolic blood pressure (SBP or S) tends to rise and diastolic
blood pressure (DBP or D) tends to fall, thus the pulse pressure (PP) will increase. The vascular injury was directly proportional to the
level of SBP, and inversely proportional to DBP. But so far, studies of the vascular injury based on SBP and DBP measurement were
mostly qualitative. The exact contribution of each parameter to the vascular injury has not been quantitatively identified. In this study, we
employed a mathematical model to predict the risk for plaques of carotid arteries in aged people and combined the SBP, DBP and
heart rate (HR) to perform a quantitative analysis. We analyzed 1672 males who were over 60-year-old and hospitalized due to
atherosclerosis-related diseases and received a 24-h arterial blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) examination. These patients were
divided into 19 subgroups using the ABPM data, 24-h average SBP, DBP and HR as variables based on the ascending order of the
magnitude of each element. We developed a new index, namely the dynamic level (DL) which correlated best with the plaque formation
of carotid arteries among all the well-established indexes for blood pressure. We demonstrated that index DL has better correlation to
plaques incidence tendency (p < 0.0001) when compared to either SBP (P < 0.05) or PP (P < 0.001) alone. The risk on incidence of the
plaques of carotid arteries has positive correlation with first power of SBP and -0.8 power of DBP. This model can be used clinically to
predict the occurrence of plaque formation. (IJCEM1305006).
Keywords: Blood pressure parameters, the plaques of carotid arteries, mathematical method, vascular injury
Address correspondence to: Dr. Jun-Li Duan, Department of gerontology, Xinhua hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kong
Jiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China. Phone: 86-21-65790000; Fax: 86-21-65153984; E-mail: duanjunlixh@163.com; Dr. Wei Lu,
National Lab for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yu-Tian Road 200, Shanghai
200083, China. E-mail: luwei@mail.sitp.ac.cn; Dr. Xian-Wu Cheng, Cardiology and nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of
Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan. E-mail: xianwu@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
Original Article
The power combination of blood-pressure parameters to predict the incidence of
plaque formation in carotid arteries in elderly
Chang-Ning Hao, Yi-Qin Shi, Jing-Juan Huang, Hao-Yun Li, Zhen-Hao Huang, Xian-Wu Cheng, Wei Lu, Jun-Li Duan
Department of gerontology, Xinhua hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai 200092, China; Cardiology
and nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; National Lab
for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yu-Tian Road 200, Shanghai 200083,
China. Equal contributors.
Received May 14, 2013; Accepted May 29, 2013; Epub June 26, 2013; Published July 1, 2013
Abstract: Hypertension is considered as one of the major risk factors of atherosclerosis, especially for carotid artery plaque, which is a
sign for cardiovascular incapacity and cerebral infarction. As adult age, systolic blood pressure (SBP or S) tends to rise and diastolic
blood pressure (DBP or D) tends to fall, thus the pulse pressure (PP) will increase. The vascular injury was directly proportional to the
level of SBP, and inversely proportional to DBP. But so far, studies of the vascular injury based on SBP and DBP measurement were
mostly qualitative. The exact contribution of each parameter to the vascular injury has not been quantitatively identified. In this study, we
employed a mathematical model to predict the risk for plaques of carotid arteries in aged people and combined the SBP, DBP and
heart rate (HR) to perform a quantitative analysis. We analyzed 1672 males who were over 60-year-old and hospitalized due to
atherosclerosis-related diseases and received a 24-h arterial blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) examination. These patients were
divided into 19 subgroups using the ABPM data, 24-h average SBP, DBP and HR as variables based on the ascending order of the
magnitude of each element. We developed a new index, namely the dynamic level (DL) which correlated best with the plaque formation
of carotid arteries among all the well-established indexes for blood pressure. We demonstrated that index DL has better correlation to
plaques incidence tendency (p < 0.0001) when compared to either SBP (P < 0.05) or PP (P < 0.001) alone. The risk on incidence of the
plaques of carotid arteries has positive correlation with first power of SBP and -0.8 power of DBP. This model can be used clinically to
predict the occurrence of plaque formation. (IJCEM1305006).
Keywords: Blood pressure parameters, the plaques of carotid arteries, mathematical method, vascular injury
Address correspondence to: Dr. Jun-Li Duan, Department of gerontology, Xinhua hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kong
Jiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China. Phone: 86-21-65790000; Fax: 86-21-65153984; E-mail: duanjunlixh@163.com; Dr. Wei Lu,
National Lab for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yu-Tian Road 200, Shanghai
200083, China. E-mail: luwei@mail.sitp.ac.cn; Dr. Xian-Wu Cheng, Cardiology and nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of
Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan. E-mail: xianwu@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
